Surface interactions of oxytetracycline on municipal solid waste-derived biochar–montmorillonite composite

A composite material prepared from municipal solid waste-derived biochar and montmorillonite (MSW-BC-MMT) was studied as a remediation medium for the removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) aqueous systems. The morphological characterization using SEM images revealed that had heterogeneous flaky, plate-like surface appearance. Based on N2 adsorption experiments compared to pristine biochar, showed an increased specific area by 1.5 folds. three-parameter Redlich Peterson isotherm model two-parameter Temkin were best fitted with R2 = 0.998 0.997, respectively, both MSW-BC-MMT composite. Additionally, kinetics described pseudo-second-order model, suggesting OTC onto takes place via chemisorption. capacity 233 mg g−1 observed MSW-BC-MMT, which is suggested be predominantly governed π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions, electrostatic attraction complexation. As evidenced FTIR results, presumed adsorbed hydrogen bonding well. value addition MSW producing MSW-derived considered favorable solution waste management. Therefore, production becomes useful due its significance in acting simultaneous management technique low-cost antibiotic remediation.